Edició de «Amèrica del Nort»

{|class="infobox" style="background:#f0f6fa; border:1px solid #ccd2d9; table-layout:auto; border-collapse:collapse; padding:0.5em 1em; font-size:0.86em; width:230px; line-height:normal;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| <big>'''Amèrica del Nort'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[Archiu:North America (orthographic projection).svg|220px|Amèrica del Nord]]
|- style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;" 
! Superfície
| 24.709.000&nbsp;km²
|- style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;" 
! Població
<ref>Llista de continents per població [http://www.worldatlas.com/geoquiz/thelist.htm]</ref>
|- style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;" 
! Densitat
| 22,9/km²
|- style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;" 
! Estats
| 23
|- style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;" 
! Gentilici
| Nort-americà, nort-americana
|- style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"
! Famílies llingüístiques
| [[Llengües indoeuropees|Indoeuropees]]<br />[[Llengües ameríndies|Ameríndies]]
|- style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;" 
! Ciutats més grans
| [[Ciutat de Mèxic]], [[Nova York]], [[Los Angeles]], [[Chicago]], [[Miami]], [[Filadèlfia]], [[Toronto]], [[Dallas]] - [[Fort Worth]], [[Boston]], [[Houston]]
|- style="border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;" 
! Zona horària
| De [[UTC]]-10 ([[Alaska]]) a [[UTC]] ([[Groenlàndia]])
|}
L''''Amèrica del Nort''' és un [[subcontinent]] d'[[Amèrica]], que s'estén, geopolíticament, des d'[[Alaska]] i [[Groenlàndia]] al nort, fins la frontera de [[Mèxic]] en [[Guatemala]] i [[Belize]] al sud. El subcontinent llimita al nort en l'[[oceà Glacial Àrtic]], i al sud en el subcontinent [[centreamèrica|centreamericà]]. En atres models continentals, com ara el model angloparlant, Amèrica del Nord és un continent que s'estén des d'[[Alaska]] fins a l'[[istme de Panamà]], incloent-hi les [[Antilles]].

'''Amèrica boreal''' és un sinònim, pero este concepte sovint només inclou els Estats Units i Canadà, excloent la zona de [[Mèxic]] la qual de vegades es considera dins l'[[Amèrica Central]].<ref>{{format ref}} http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/005/Y1997S/y1997s15.htm</ref>

== Bibliografia ==
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* Sobre els [[amerindi]]s nord-americans:
** Aliki; Aliki, illus. ''Corn is Maize: The Gift of the Indians''. [[Nova York]], NY: Harper C Collins; 1986
** Ashabranner, Brent; Conklin, Paul: ''To Live in Two Worlds: American Indian Youth Today''. [[Nova York]]: Dodd Mead; 1984
** Brafford, C. J.; Thom, Laine: ''Dancing Colors: Paths of Native American Women''. [[San Francisco]]: Chronicle Books; 1992
** Brown, Fern G.: ''American Indian Science: A New Look at Old Cultures''. Twenty-First Century Books/Henry Holt and Co. 1997
** DeCesare, Ruth: ''Myth, Music and Dance of the American Indian''. Van Nuys, CA: Alfred Publishing Co., Inc.; 1988
** Fichter, George S.: ''American Indian Music and Musical Instruments''. Nova York: David McKay Co.; 1978
** Hausman, Gerald: ''Turtle Island Alphabet: A Lexicon of Native American Symbols and Culture''. Nova York: St. Martin's Press; 1992
** Haviland, Virginia ed.; Strugnell, Ann: ''North American Legends''. Nova York: Philomel Books; 1979
** Hutchins, Alma R.: ''Indian Herbology of North America''. 3a. edició. [[Boston]]: Shambala Publications Inc.; 1991
** Jacobson, Daniel: ''Indians of North America''. Nova York: Franklin Watts; 1983
** Liptak, Karen: ''North American Indian Survival Skills''. Nova York: Franklin Watts; 1990
** Liptak, Karen: ''North American Indian Medicine People''. Nova York: Franklin Watts; 1990
** Liptak, Karen: ''North American Indian Tribal Chiefs''. Nova York: Franklin Watts; 1992
** Liptak, Karen: ''North American Indian Sign Language''. Nova York: Franklin Watts; 1992
** Maestro, Betsy i Maestro, Giulio: ''The Discovery of the Americas''. Nova York: Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Books; 1991
** Mails, Thomas E.: ''Secret Native American Pathways: A Guide to Inner Peace''. [[Tulsa]], [[Oklahoma]]: Council Oaks Books; 1988
** Mather, Christine: ''Native America: Arts, Traditions, and Celebrations''. Nova York: Clarkson Potter Publishers; 1990
** Matthiessen, Peter: ''Indian Country''. Nova York: Penguin Books; 1984
** McLuhan, T. C.: ''Touch the Earth: A Self-Portrait of Indian Existence''. Nova York: Simon and Schuster; 1971 
** Nabokov, Peter ed.: ''Native American Testimony: A Chronicle of Indian-White Relations from Prophecy to the Present, 1492-1992''. Nova York: Viking; 1991
** Nabokov, Peter; Easton, Robert: ''Native American Architecture''. Nova York: Oxford University Press; 1989
** Niethammer, Carolyn: ''Daughters of the Earth: The Lives and Legends of American Indian Women''. [[Nova York]]: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc.; [[1977]].
** Niethammer, Carolyn; Thomson, Jenean: ''American Indian Food and Lore''. [[Nova York]]: Collier Books; [[1974]].
** Tannenbaum, Beulah; Tannenbaum, Harold: ''Science of the Early American Indians''. [[Nova York]]: Franklin Watts; [[1988]].
** Thomas, David Hurst, et al; Ballantine, Betty, Ballantine, Ian, eds.: ''The Native Americans: An Illustrated History''. [[Atlanta]]: Turner Publishing, Inc.; [[1993]].
** Weiss, Malcolm E.; McFadden, Eliza: ''Sky Watchers of Ages Past''. [[Boston]]: Houghton Mifflin Company; [[1982]]. 
** Whitney, Alex: ''Sports and Games the Indians Gave Us''. [[Nova York]]: David McKay Co., Inc.; [[1977]].
** Wolfson, Evelyn; Hewitson, Jennifer: ''From the Earth to Beyond the Sky: Native American Medicine''. [[Nova York]]: Houghton Mifflin; [[1993]].
** Wood, Marian: ''Ancient America: Cultural Atlas for Young People''. [[Nova York]]: Facts on File; [[1990]].
** Wood, Marion. D'Ottavi, Francesca: ''Myths and Civilization of the Native Americans''. Peter Bedrick Books, [[1998]].
* Sobre [[mineria]]:
** Basalla, George: ''The Evolution of Technology''. [[Nova York]]: Cambridge University Press, [[1988]].
** Brown, Ronald C.: ''Hard Rock Miners: The Intermountain West, 1860-1920''. College Station: Texas A & M University Press, [[1979]].
** Christiansen, Paige W.: ''The Story of Mining in New Mexico''. New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources, Scenic Trips to the Geological Past Núm. 12. Socorro: University of New Mexico Press, [[1974]].
** Dix, Keith: ''What's a Coal Miner to Do? The Mechanization of Coal Mining''. [[Pittsburgh]]: University of Pittsburgh Press, [[1988]].
** Eller, Ronald D. Miners: ''Millhands, and Mountaineers, Industrialization of the Appalachian South, 1880-1930''. [[Knoxville]]: The University of Tennessee Press, [[1982]].
** Elliott, Russell R.: ''Nevada's Twentieth-Century Mining Boom'', Tonopah, Goldfield, Ely. Reno: University of Nevada Press, [[1966]]. 
** Fatout, Paul: ''Meadow Lake, Gold Town''. [[1969]]. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, Bison Books, [[1974]].
** Fell, James E., Jr.: ''Ores to Metals, The Rocky Mountain Smelting Industry''. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, [[1979]].
** Francaviglia, Richard V.: ''Hard Places. Reading the Landscapes of America's Historic Mining Districts''. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, [[1992]].
** Greever, William S.: ''The Bonanza West, the Story of the Western Mining Rushes, 1848-1900''. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, [[1963]].
** Hardesty, Don L.: ''The Archeology of Mining and Miners: A View from the Silver State''. Special Publication Series, Núm. 6. [[Ann Arbor]], [[Michigan]]: The Society for Historical Archeology, [[1988]].
** Hogan, Richard: ''Class and Community in Frontier Colorado''. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, [[1990]].
** Holliday, J.S.: ''The World Rushed In, the California Gold Rush Experience''. [[Nova York]]: Simon and Schuster, [[1981]].
** Hunt, William R.: ''North of 53, the Wild Days of the Alaska - Yukon Mining Frontier''. [[Nova York]]: Macmillan Publishing Company, [[1974]].
** Jackson, W. Turrentine: ''Treasure Hill, Portrait of a Silver Mining Camp''. [[Tucson]]: The University of Arizona Press, [[1963]].
** King, Joseph E.: ''A Mine to Make a Mine: Financing the Colorado Mining Industry, 1859-1902''. College Station: Texas A & M University Press, [[1977]].
** Livingston-Little, D. E.: ''An Economic History of North Idaho, [[1800]] - [[1900]]''. [[Los Angeles]]: Journal of the West, [[1965]].
** Marcosson, Isaac F.: ''Metal Magic, the Story of the American Smelting & Refining Company''. [[Nova York]]: Farrar, Straus and Company, [[1949]].
** Mulholland, James A.: ''A History of Metals in Colonial America''. University, [[Alabama]]: University of Alabama Press, [[1981]].
** Paul, Rodman W.: ''California Gold, the Beginning of Mining in the Far West''. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, A Bison Book, [[1947]].
** Ringholtz, Raye C.: ''Uranium Frenzy, Boom and Bust on the Colorado Plateau''. [[Nova York]]: W. W. Norton & Co., [[1989]].
** Smith, Duane A.: ''Mining America, The Industry and the Environment, 1800-1980''. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, [[1987]].
** Temin, Peter: ''Iron and Steel in Nineteenth-Century America: An Economic Inquiry''. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, [[1964]].
** Wallace, Anthony F. C.: ''St. Clair, A Nineteenth-Century Coal Town's Experience with a Disaster-Prone Industry''. Ithaca, [[Nova York]]: Cornell University Press, [[1988]].
** Wyman, Mark: ''Hard Rock Epic, Western Miners in the Industrial Revolution, 1860-1910''. Berkeley: University of California Press, [[1979]].
** Young, Otis E., Jr.: ''Western Mining, an Informal Account of Precious Metal Prospecting, Placering, Lode Mining, and Milling on the American Frontier from Spanish Times to 1893''. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, [[1970]].
* Sobre [[paleontologia]]:
** Cloud, P. E., [[1973]]: Possible stratotype sequences for the basal Paleozoic in North America: American Journal of Science, v. 273, p. 193-206. 
** Cope, E. D., [[1870]]: Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia, Reptilia, and Aves of North America: American Philosophical Society Transactions, n.s., v. 14, p. 1-252. 
** Galton, P. M., [[1982]]: ''[[Elaphrosaurus]]'', an ornithomimid dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of North America and Africa: Palontologische Zeitschrift, v. 56, p. 265-275. 
** Hallam, A., [[1977]]: Secular changes in marine inundation of USSR and North America during the Phanerozoic: Nature, v. 269, p. 769-772. 
** Lehman, T. M., [[1987]]: Late Maastrichtian paleoenvironments and dinosaur biogeography in the western interior of North America: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 60, p. 189-217. 
** Rigby, J. K., [[1987]]: The Last of the North American Dinosaurs, a Czerkas, S. J., i Olson, E. C., eds., Dinosaurs Past and Present, II: Los Angeles, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, p. 119-135. 
** Walcott, C. D., [[1891]]: The North American Continent During Cambrian Time, in Twelfth Annual Report, United States Geological Survey: [[Washington DC]], United States Geological Survey, p. 523-568. 
* Sobre l'etnobotànica:
** Abrams, L. [[1940]] - [[1960]]: An Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States, Washington, Oregon and California. Stanford Univ. Press, 4 Vols.
** Adovasio, J. M. [[1974]]: Prehistoric North American Basketry. Nevada State Mus. Anthropological Papers #16.
** Adrosko, R. J. [[1968]]. Natural Dyes in the United States. Natl. Mus. Bull. 281. Smithsonian Inst., [[Washington DC]].
** Alcocer, Gabriel V. [[1905]]: Catalogo de los frutos comestibles mexicanos. Mex. Mus. Nac. An. (ser. 2) 2: 413-488.
** Aller, Wilma. [[1954]]: Aboriginal food utilization of vegetation by the Indian of the Great Lakes Region as recorded in the Jesuit relations. Wisconsin Archaeologist 35(3): 59-73.
** Amsden, C. A: ''Navaho Weaving, Its technic and History''. 262 pp. Southwest Museum.
** Anderson, J. P. [[1939]]: Plants used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea & Arctic Regions of Alaska. Amer. J. Bot. 26(9): 714-716.
** Anònim. [[1884]] - [[1885]]: ''Drugs and Medicines of North America''. Bull. Lloyd Library, Cincinnati. Núm. 28-30. pp. 1-303.
** Anònim. [[1886]]: Drugs and Medicines of North America. Bull. Lloyd Library, Cincinnati. 31: 1-162.
** Barrow, Mark V., Jerry D. Niswander, & Robert Fortune. 1972: Health and Disease of American Indians North of Mexico. A Bibliography, [[1800]] - [[1969]]. University of Florida Press, Gainsville, xiv, 148 pp.
** Beardsley, G. [[1939]] ([[1940]]). The groundnut as used by the Indians of Eastern North America. Papers of the Mich. Acad. Sci. Arts & Lett. 25(4):507-515.
** Bell, W. H. & E. F. Castetter. [[1937]]: The utilization of mesquite and screwbean by the aborigines in the American southwest. Univ. New Mexico Bull. 314, Biol. Series. 5(2):1-55.
** Bigelow, Jacob. [[1817]] - [[1820]]: American Medical Botany, Being a collection of the native medicinal plants of the United States.
** Burnaby, Rev. Andrew [[1798]]: Travels through the Middle Settlements in North America. [[Londres]].
** Carr, L. [[1895]]: The food of the North American Indians. Lend a Hand. 15: 347-354.
** Havard, Valery. [[1895]]: The food plants of the North American Indians. Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 22: 98-123.
** Jones, V. H. [[1967]]: A list of selected works illustrative of the literature concerning the ethnobotany of the Indians of North America. Bibliography. Mimeo. 9pp.
** Linton, R. [[1924]]. Use of Tobacco Among the North American Indians. Field Mus. Natural History Anthropological Leaflet 15. 27pp.
** Lloyd, John U. & C. G. Lloyd [[1930]] - [[1931]]: Drugs and Medicines of North America. Lloyd Library, Bulls. 29, 30, 31. Reproduction Series Núm. 9.
** McLeod, W. C. [[1930]]: The chewing of tobacco in southeastern North America. Amer. Anthrop. 32: 574-575.
** Mahr, A. C. [[1951]]: Materia medica and therapy among the North American Forest Indians. Ohio State Archaeol. & Hist. Quart. 60(4): 331-354.
** Maisch, J. M. [[1890]]: Notes on Some North American Medicinal plants. Amer. J. Pharm. 62: 330-332.
** Palmer, E. [[1871]]: Food products of the North American Indians. U. S. Commr. Agri. Rep’t 1870: 404-428.
** Wheat, J. B. [[1971]]: Lifeways of early man in North America. Arctic Anthropology. 8(2): 22-31.
** Youngken, H. W. [[1924]] - [[1925]]: Drugs of the North American Indians. Amer. J. Parmacy. 96: 489-502; 97: 257-271.
* Sobre la fauna:
** Brodhead, Michael J.: "The United States Army Signal Service and Natural History in [[Alaska]], [[1874]] -[[1883]]." Pacific Northwest Quarterly 86 (primavera de [[1995]]): 72-82. 
** Elias, Scott A.: The Ice Age History of Alaskan National Parks . [[Washington DC]]: Smithsonian Institution Press, [[1995]]. 
** Evans, Howard Ensign. Pioneer Naturalists: The Discovery and Naming of North American Plants and Animals. [[Nova York]]: Henry Holt and Company, Inc., [[1993]]. 
** Evenden, Matthew D.: "The Laborers of Nature: Economic Ornithology and the Role of Birds as Agents of Biological Pest Control in North American Agriculture, ca. [[1880]] - [[1930]]." Forest & Conservation History 39 (octubre de [[1995]]): 172-183. 
** Fleharty, Eugene D.: ''Wild Animals and Settlers on the Great Plains'' . Norman, [[Oklahoma]]: University of Oklahoma Press, [[1995]]. 
** Flores, Dan: "Bison Ecology and Bison Diplomacy: The Southern Plains from [[1800]] to [[1850]]." Journal of American History 78 (setembre de [[1991]]): 465-485. 
** Hodgson, Bryan: "Buffalo: Back Home on the Range." National Geographic 186, núm. 5 (novembre de [[1994]]): 64-90. 
** Luoma, Jon R.: "Back Home on the Range" (Dubious Future for the American Bison's Habitat). Audubon 95, núm. 2 (març/abril de [[1993]]): 46-53. 
** Manning, Richard: Grasslands: The History, Biology, Politics, and Promise of the American Prairie. [[Nova York]]: Viking, [[1995]].
** Raventon, Edward: Island in the Plains: A Black Hills Natural History. Boulder: Johnson Books, 1994
** Wilkinson, Todd: "Back to the Badlands: Black-footed Ferrets, Once Considered Extinct, Are Being Reintroduced..." National Parks 68, núm. 11-12 (novembre/desembre de 1994): 38-43. 
** Williams, Ted: "Torch of the Yankee Salmon" (Restoring Atlantic Salmon to New England). Audubon 97, núm. 3 (maig i juny de 1995): 28-34. 
* Sobre l'agricultura:
** Bidwell, Percy Wells: Rural Economy in New England at the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century . Clifton: A.M. Kelley, 1972. 
** Black, John D.: The Rural Economy of New England: A Regional Study. [[Cambridge]]: Harvard University Press, 1950
** Day, Clarence A.: A History of Maine Agriculture, 1604-1860. University of Maine Studies, núm. 68. Orono: University of Maine Press, 1954
** Hargreaves, Mary Wilma M.: Dry Farming in the Northern Great Plains, 1900-1925. 1957
** Malin, James C.: ''The Grassland of North America: Prolegomena to Its History''. Lawrence, KS: 1948
** Malin, James: ''Winter Wheat in the Golden Belt of Kansas''. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1944
** Rosenberg, Norman J.: "Adaptations to Adversity: Agriculture, Climate and the Great Plains of North America." Great Plains Quarterly 6, núm. 3 (estiu de 1986): 202-217. 
** Ulrich, Hugh: ''Losing Ground: Agricultural Policy and the Decline of the American Farm''. [[Xicago]]: Chicago Review Press, 1989
** Wallace, Henry A.: ''Irrigation Frontier: On the Trail of the Corn-Belt Farmer''. Norman: University of Oklahoma, 1909
* Sobre la cultura:
** Matthews, Anne: ''Where the Buffalo Roam''. Nova York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1992
** Olson, Steven: ''The Prairie in Nineteenth-Century American Poetry''. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994
** Popper, Frank J. i Deborah E. Popper: "The Reinvention of the American Frontier." Amicus (estiu de 1991): 4-7. 
** Unger, Douglas: ''Leaving the Land''. Nova York: Ballantine Books, 1984
* Sobre la industrialització:
** Case, Earl Clark: The Valley of East Tennessee: The Adjustment of Industry to Natural Environment , Tennessee. Division of Geology Bulletin 36 . [[Nashville]], [[Tennessee]], 1925
** Owens, Harry P.: ''Steamboats and the Cotton Economy: River Trade in the Yazoo-Mississippi Delta''. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1990
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== Vínculs externs ==
* [http://www.xist.org/earth/pop_region.aspx GeoHive] (en anglés)
* [http://www.ipligence.com/worldmap/ Internet World Map 2007] (en anglés)
* [http://www.norteamerica.info/ www.norteamerica.info] (en castellà)
* [http://www.norteamerica.info/videos/ Vídeos] (en castellà)
* [http://www.norteamerica.info/fotos/ Fotografies] (en castellà)

[[Categoria:Amèrica del Nort| ]]