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	'''Trofim Denísovich Lysenko''' (29 de setembre [17 de setembre segons el calendari julià] de 1898 – 20 de novembre de 1976) fon un agrònom soviètic.<ref>''An ill-educated agronomist with huge ambitions, Lysenko failed to become a real scientist, but greatly succeeded in exposing of the "bourgeois enemies of the people". From such a "scion" who was "grafted" to the Stalinist totalitarian regime "stock", impressive results could have been expected—and were indeed achieved.''		'''Trofim Denísovich Lysenko''' ([[29 de setembre]] [17 de setembre segons el calendari julià] de [[1898]] – [[20 de novembre]] de [[1976]]) fon un agrònom soviètic.<ref>''An ill-educated agronomist with huge ambitions, Lysenko failed to become a real scientist, but greatly succeeded in exposing of the "bourgeois enemies of the people". From such a "scion" who was "grafted" to the Stalinist totalitarian regime "stock", impressive results could have been expected—and were indeed achieved.''

	[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6777473/ "The destructive role of Trofim Lysenko in Russian Science"]. ''European Journal of Human Genetics''. 27 (9): 1324–1325. [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41431-019-0422-5 doi:10.1038/s41431-019-0422-5]. PMC 6777473. PMID 31089207.</ref> <ref>[http://www.pereplet.ru/text/lisenko/Chapter1final.html "Валерий Сойфер"]. ''Интернет-журнал "Русский переплет"'' (in Russian). 15 May 1931. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 8 May 2024.</ref> Rebujà la genètica mendeliana en favor de les seues pròpies idees idiosincràsiques i pseudocientífiques, posteriorment denominades [[lysenkoisme]].<ref>Sterling, Bruce (June 2004). [https://www.wired.com/2004/06/suicide-by-pseudoscience/ "Suicide by pseudoscience"]. ''Wired''. Vol. 12, no. 6.</ref> <ref>Gordin, Michael D. (2012). "How Lysenkoism became pseudoscience: Dobzhansky to Velikovsky". ''[[Journal of the History of Biology]]''. '''45''' (3): 443–468. [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10739-011-9287-3 doi:10.1007/s10739-011-9287-3]. PMID 21698424. S2CID 7541203.</ref> <ref>Caspari, E. W.; Marshak, R. E. (1965). "The Rise and Fall of Lysenko". ''Science''. '''149''' (3681): 275–278. Bibcode:1965Sci...149..275C. [https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.149.3681.275 doi:10.1126/science.149.3681.275]. PMID 17838094.</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090201015518/http://imichurin.narod.ru/liu2004.htm "Yongsheng Liu «Lysenko's Contributions to Biology and His Tragedies», 2004"]. 30 April 2011. Archived from the original on 1 February 2009. Retrieved 8 May 2024.</ref>		[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6777473/ "The destructive role of Trofim Lysenko in Russian Science"]. ''European Journal of Human Genetics''. 27 (9): 1324–1325. [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41431-019-0422-5 doi:10.1038/s41431-019-0422-5]. PMC 6777473. PMID 31089207.</ref> <ref>[http://www.pereplet.ru/text/lisenko/Chapter1final.html "Валерий Сойфер"]. ''Интернет-журнал "Русский переплет"'' (in Russian). 15 May 1931. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 8 May 2024.</ref> Rebujà la genètica mendeliana en favor de les seues pròpies idees idiosincràsiques i pseudocientífiques, posteriorment denominades [[lysenkoisme]].<ref>Sterling, Bruce (June 2004). [https://www.wired.com/2004/06/suicide-by-pseudoscience/ "Suicide by pseudoscience"]. ''Wired''. Vol. 12, no. 6.</ref> <ref>Gordin, Michael D. (2012). "How Lysenkoism became pseudoscience: Dobzhansky to Velikovsky". ''[[Journal of the History of Biology]]''. '''45''' (3): 443–468. [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10739-011-9287-3 doi:10.1007/s10739-011-9287-3]. PMID 21698424. S2CID 7541203.</ref> <ref>Caspari, E. W.; Marshak, R. E. (1965). "The Rise and Fall of Lysenko". ''Science''. '''149''' (3681): 275–278. Bibcode:1965Sci...149..275C. [https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.149.3681.275 doi:10.1126/science.149.3681.275]. PMID 17838094.</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090201015518/http://imichurin.narod.ru/liu2004.htm "Yongsheng Liu «Lysenko's Contributions to Biology and His Tragedies», 2004"]. 30 April 2011. Archived from the original on 1 February 2009. Retrieved 8 May 2024.</ref>

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'''Trofim Denísovich Lysenko''' (29 de setembre [17 de setembre segons el calendari julià] de 1898 – 20 de novembre de 1976) fon un agrònom soviètic.<ref>''An ill-educated agronomist with huge ambitions, Lysenko failed to become a real scientist, but greatly succeeded in exposing of the "bourgeois enemies of the people". From such a "scion" who was "grafted" to the Stalinist totalitarian regime "stock", impressive results could have been expected—and were indeed achieved.''

[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6777473/ "The destructive role of Trofim Lysenko in Russian Science"]. ''European Journal of Human Genetics''. 27 (9): 1324–1325. [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41431-019-0422-5 doi:10.1038/s41431-019-0422-5]. PMC 6777473. PMID 31089207.</ref> <ref>[http://www.pereplet.ru/text/lisenko/Chapter1final.html "Валерий Сойфер"]. ''Интернет-журнал "Русский переплет"'' (in Russian). 15 May 1931. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 8 May 2024.</ref> Rebujà la genètica mendeliana en favor de les seues pròpies idees idiosincràsiques i pseudocientífiques, posteriorment denominades [[lysenkoisme]].<ref>Sterling, Bruce (June 2004). [https://www.wired.com/2004/06/suicide-by-pseudoscience/ "Suicide by pseudoscience"]. ''Wired''. Vol. 12, no. 6.</ref> <ref>Gordin, Michael D. (2012). "How Lysenkoism became pseudoscience: Dobzhansky to Velikovsky". ''[[Journal of the History of Biology]]''. '''45''' (3): 443–468. [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10739-011-9287-3 doi:10.1007/s10739-011-9287-3]. PMID 21698424. S2CID 7541203.</ref> <ref>Caspari, E. W.; Marshak, R. E. (1965). "The Rise and Fall of Lysenko". ''Science''. '''149''' (3681): 275–278. Bibcode:1965Sci...149..275C. [https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.149.3681.275 doi:10.1126/science.149.3681.275]. PMID 17838094.</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090201015518/http://imichurin.narod.ru/liu2004.htm "Yongsheng Liu «Lysenko's Contributions to Biology and His Tragedies», 2004"]. 30 April 2011. Archived from the original on 1 February 2009. Retrieved 8 May 2024.</ref>

En 1940, Lysenko es convertí en director de l'Institut de Genètica de l'Acadèmia de Ciències de l'Unió Soviètica, i utilisà la seua influència i poder polítics per a suprimir opinions dissidents i desacreditar, marginar i encarcerar als seus crítics, elevant les seues teories antimendelianes al ranc de doctrina sancionada per l'Estat.<ref>[https://warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=9475 "Лысенко Трофим Денисович"]. ''Герои страны'' (in Russian). 24 October 2019. Archived from the original on 23 December 2019. Retrieved 8 May 2024.</ref> <ref>Graham, Loren (1993). ''Science in Russia and the Soviet Union''. Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. pp. 101–132. ISBN <bdi>0-521-24566-4</bdi>.</ref>

Els científics soviètics que es negaven a renunciar a la genètica eren destituïts dels seus llocs i quedaven en la misèria. Varis varen ser encarcerats, entre ells el botànic [[Nikolái Vavílov]].<ref>Harper, Peter S. (2017). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5602019/ "Lysenko and Russian genetics: Reply to Wang & Liu"]. ''[[European Journal of Human Genetics]]''. '''25''' (10): 1098. [https://www.nature.com/articles/ejhg2017118 doi:10.1038/ejhg.2017.118]. ISSN 1018-4813. PMC 5602019. PMID 28905879.</ref> <ref name=":0">Graham, Loren R. (1993). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=m_wPpj64GqMC&pg=PA127&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Science in Russia and the Soviet Union: A Short History]''. Cambridge University Press. ISBN <bdi>978-0-521-28789-0</bdi>.</ref> [pàgina 130] Les idees i pràctiques de Lysenko contribuiren a la disminució dels rendiments agrícoles en l'Unió Soviètica des de finals de la década de 1930 fins a la seua caiguda en desgràcia a mitan de la década de 1960;<ref name=":0" /> [pàgines 129-134] aixina mateix, eixerciren influència política i acadèmica en atres països del bloc oriental i en [[China]] des de finals de la década de 1940 fins a mediats de la de 1950.<ref>Gajewski, W. (1990). "Lysenkoism in Poland". ''[[Quarterly Review of Biology]]''. '''65''' (4): 423–34. [https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/416949 doi:10.1086/416949]. PMID 2082404. S2CID 85289413.</ref> <ref>Fu, Ji-Liang; Chu, Ernest H. Y.; Tan, Jia-Zhen (1 December 1995). [https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.ge.29.120195.000245 "PERSPECTIVES ON GENETICS IN CHINA"]. ''Annual Review of Genetics''. '''29''': 1–20. [https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.ge.29.120195.000245 doi:10.1146/annurev.ge.29.120195.000245]. ISSN 0066-4197.</ref>

== Obres ==

* ''[https://archive.org/details/heredity-and-its-variability La herencia y su variabilidad]'' (1945)
* ''[https://archive.org/details/sciencebiologytodaylysenko La ciencia de la biología hoy]'' (1948)
* ''[https://archive.org/details/lysenkoagrobiology Agrobiología: ensayos sobre problemas de genética, mejora vegetal y producción de semillas]'' (1954)

== Referències ==
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Trofim Lysenko - Historial de revisions

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