https://www.lenciclopedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Charles_Hard_TownesCharles Hard Townes - Historial de revisions2026-07-09T02:27:00ZHistorial de revisions per a esta pàgina en la wikiMediaWiki 1.45.1https://www.lenciclopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Hard_Townes&diff=492076&oldid=prevValBOT: Bot: Creant artícul solicitat2026-07-07T21:55:05Z<p>Bot: Creant artícul solicitat</p>
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'''Charles Hard Townes''' ([[Greenville (Carolina del Sur)|Greenville]], [[Carolina del Sur]], {{data|28|juliol|1915}} - [[Oakland (Califòrnia)|Oakland]], [[Califòrnia]], {{data|27|giner|2015}})<ref>{{cita notícia |url=http://actualidad.rt.com/ultima_hora/164699-fallir-nobel-charres-townes |títul=Fallix el guanyador del Premi Nobel de Física Charles Hard Townes |fechaacceso=28 de giner de 2015 |data=28 de giner de 2015 |periòdic=[[RT]]}}</ref> va ser un [[físic]] nortamericà.<ref name=":1">{{Cita web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1964/townes/biographical/|títul=Charres H. Townes – Biographical|fechaacceso=2025-09-05|sitioweb=NobelPrize.org|idioma=en-US|urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920200100/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1964/townes/biographical/|fechaarchivo=20 de setembre de 2018|urlmuerta=no}}</ref><ref name="furman.bio">{{cite web|url=https://www.furman.edu/academics/charles-h-townes-lecture-séries/about-charres-townes/|title=About Charles Townes – Charres H. Townes Lecture Séries|access-dona't=26-01-2025|website=www.furman.edu|publisher=Furman University|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727194508/https://www.furman.edu/academics/charles-h-townes-lecture-séries/about-charres-townes/|archive-dona't=2020-07-27|author1=Staff}}</ref> Townes va treballar en la teoria i aplicació del [[màser]], per al que va obtindre la palesa fonamental, i atres treballs en [[Òptica quàntica#Electrònica quàntica|electrònica quàntica]] associats tant a dispositius màser com [[làser]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Bertolotti|first=Mario|isbn=978-0-7503-0911-0|year=2004|title=The History of the Laser|publisher=Taylor & Francis|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/historyoflaser0000bert}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Bromberg|first=Joan|title=The Laser in America, 1950–1970|url=https://archive.org/details/laserinamerica190000brom|url-access=registration|year=1991|isbn=978-0-585-36732-3|publisher=MIT Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Chiao|editor1-first=Raymond|isbn=978-0-387-94658-0|year=1996|publisher=Springer|title=Amazing Light: A Volume Dedicated To Charles Hard Townes On His 80th Birthday|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780387946580}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Chiao|editor1-first=Raymond|isbn=978-0-521-88239-2|year=2005|publisher=Cambridge|title=Visions of Discovery: New Light on Physics, Cosmology, and Consciousness, A Volume Dedicated to Charles Hard Townes on his 90th Birthday}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Laser: The Inventor, the Nobel Laureate, and the Thirty-Year Patent War|url=https://archive.org/details/laser00nick|last=Taylor|first=Nick|year=2000|isbn=978-0-684-83515-0|publisher=Simon & Schuster}}</ref> Va compartir el [[Premi Nobel de Física]] de 1964 en [[Nikolái Basov|Nikolay Basov]] i [[Alexander Prokhorov]].<ref name="nature2">{{Cite journal|title=Dr. Charres H. Townes (1915–2015) Laser co-inventor, astrophysicist and US presidential adviser|last1=Boyd|first1=Robert|journal=[[Nature (revista)|Nature]]|volume=519|issue=7543|pages=292|bibcode=2015Natur.519..292B|doi=10.1038/519292a|pmid=25788091|year=2015}}</ref><ref name="death">{{cite web|url=http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2015/01/27/nobel-laureate-and-laser-inventor-charres-townes-dies-at-99/|title=Nobel laureate and laser inventor, Charles Hard Townes, dies at 99|access-dona't=2015-01-27|dona't=2015-01-27|publisher=Berkeley.edu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128110636/http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2015/01/27/nobel-laureate-and-laser-inventor-charres-townes-dies-at-99/|archive-dona't=2015-01-28}}</ref> Townes va ser assessor del Govern d'Estats Units i es va reunir en tots els presidents nortamericans des d'[[Harry S. Truman]] (1945) fins a [[Bill Clinton]] (1999).<br />
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Va dirigir el Comité Assessor de Ciència i Tecnologia del govern nortamericà per al [[Programa Apolo|Programa Apolo de alunizaje]]. Despuix de convertir-se en professor de la [[Universitat de Califòrnia, Berkeley]] en 1967, va iniciar un programa astrofísic que va produir varis descobriments importants, per eixemple, el [[forat negre]] en el [[Centre Galàctic|el centre]] de la [[Via Làctea]] galàxia.<br />
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Townes era religiós<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt3199n627;NAAN=13030&doc.view=frames&chunk.aneu=d0i1739&toc.depth=1&toc.aneu=d0i1210&brand=calisphere|title=A Life in Physics: Bell Telephone Laboratories and World War II; Columbia University and the Laser; MIT and Government Service; Califòrnia and Research in Astrophysics|access-dona't=2016-09-04|author=Riess, Suzanne B.|dona't=1992|publisher=Califòrnia Digital Library|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208100701/https://oac.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt3199n627;NAAN=13030&doc.view=frames&chunk.aneu=d0i1739&toc.depth=1&toc.aneu=d0i1210&brand=calisphere|archive-dona't=2023-02-08}}</ref> i creïa que la ciència i la religió convergixen per a proporcionar una major comprensió de la naturalea i el propòsit de l'univers.<br />
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